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MEDICAL TREATMENT

Research confirms that addiction is a multifaceted brain disease encompassing psychological, physiological and social dimensions. Treatment for addiction is often likened to a three-legged stool, with each leg representing essential pillars: medical support, psychological support and social support. Any absence of these pillars can complicate the treatment process.

Treatment for Addiction

The primary objective of addiction treatment is the cessation of substance use and the implementation of preventive measures to avert relapse. During the period of substance cessation, individuals typically endure withdrawal symptoms for about 0-1 month.

The detoxification process, which aims to alleviate withdrawal symptoms and diminish substance cravings, relies heavily on medical support. When assessing the need for medical support, several factors come into play, including the presence and severity of withdrawal symptoms, the existence of significant physical or mental health conditions, frequency of substance use and short intervals between cessation attempts, prior unsuccessful treatment endeavors, the susceptibility of the individual's environment to alcohol/substance use, challenges in orientation regarding location, direction and time as well as the history of epileptic seizures.

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Withdrawal symptoms can vary depending on the type of substance used and any accompanying psychiatric disorders. For instance, individuals undergoing withdrawal may experience symptoms such as sweating, tremors, muscle and joint pain, abdominal discomfort, tension, restlessness and insomnia. Medical support plays a crucial role in managing these symptoms effectively. Following an assessment of symptoms and other relevant factors, individuals may be referred to addiction treatment centers in hospitals, where psychiatrists may prescribe substitution therapies based on the substance used. Additionally, the presence of a social support specialist throughout the treatment process can significantly enhance the effectiveness of medical treatment.

Withdrawal Period (0-1 month): This stage marks the initial phase after individuals stop using alcohol or drugs. During the first month without substance use, they may experience physical and psychological withdrawal symptoms. These symptoms can vary from person to person, with some experiencing more intense physical symptoms while others may experience more intense psychological symptoms. Seeking medical support to assess these withdrawal symptoms, coupled with psychological and medical treatments, will gradually alleviate and diminish these symptoms, enabling individuals to resume their lives with less disruption.

Early Recovery Period (1-3 months): This stage signifies a time when withdrawal symptoms have diminished or ceased and individuals no longer feel compelled to use alcohol or drugs. However, they may mistakenly believe they have fully recovered and no longer require treatment, potentially overlooking certain risky situations. During this stage, individuals should be informed about these situations. In addition, individuals may also experience fatigue, lethargy and feelings of depression.

Prolonged Recovery Period (3-6 months): This stage is characterized by uncertainty for individuals who have structured much of their lives around addiction and may struggle to navigate life without addictive behaviors. They may experience feelings of dissatisfaction, anhedonia and emptiness. It is a period when they may be vulnerable to relapse behaviors and thoughts that could lead to alcohol or drug use. Active participation in self-help groups and continued psychosocial support can aid individuals in navigating this period more comfortably.

Restructuring Phase (6 months and beyond): During this phase, individuals in recovery move beyond previous stages and embark on the final stage of restructuring, where they begin to form new friendships and interests, thus creating a new lifestyle. Additionally, they may seek employment during this phase. Essentially, in this phase, individuals move away from many withdrawal symptoms and feelings of longing for the past, replacing them with new and healthy habits to fill certain gaps.

Finally, the recovery process involves individuals gaining a better understanding of themselves, recognizing the factors contributing to substance use and acquiring skills to intervene. The gains made during the recovery process are crucial for preventing relapse after treatment.

Green Crescent Counseling Center (YEDAM), a service provided by the Turkish Green Crescent Society, primarily offers psychosocial support to individuals with addiction and their families, without providing medical detoxification or medical support services. If there is a need for medical treatment, individuals are assessed and referred to other appropriate institutions accordingly.

Criteria for medical support:

  • If there are any withdrawal symptoms and if their severity, frequency and impact on daily life are increasing,
  • If there is a significant and clear physical and/or mental disease,
  • If substance use is frequent and withdrawal periods are short,
  • If previous outpatient treatments have been unsuccessful,
  • If the individual is living in an environment suitable for alcohol/substance use (such as their surroundings, occupation, etc.),
  • If there is heroin or similar substance use involved,
  • If the individual is experiencing confusion or reports confusion at home (such as loss of orientation in place, direction and time),
  • If there is a history of epileptic (seizure) episodes,
  • If there has been a history of delirium tremens.

In such cases, individuals are referred to an Alcohol and Substance Treatment Center (AMATEM). It is essential for a Social Services Specialist to accompany individuals referred for medical support, as they ensure the seamless integration of treatment processes with YEDAM by overseeing their hospital procedures.

For more detailed information on the topics covered in this section, you may refer to the following sources:

· Green Crescent Counseling Center (YEDAM)

More Latest News

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In an important step for global public health and humanitarian response, the International Federation of Green Crescent (IFGC) and the United Nations (UN) International Organization for Migration (IOM) have signed a comprehensive agreement. This Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) creates a official partnership to bring together addiction prevention work with mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) for migrants, refugees, and communities affected by crises. The official signing ceremony took place at the Permanent Mission of Türkiye to the United Nations Office in Geneva. The event was attended by Ambassador Dr. Mehmet Güllüoğlu, Vice President of the Turkish Green Crescent and Secretary-General of the IFGC, and Vincent Houver, IOM Director of the Department of Mobility Pathways and Inclusion, along with representatives from both institutions. This agreement does not mark the start of a brand-new relationship. Instead, it makes a long-standing partnership official and permanent. For years, Green Crescent Counseling Centers (YEDAM) have worked closely with the IOM on the ground, helping vulnerable communities fight addiction and mental health issues. This new MoU turns those local efforts into a structured, global alliance. STATEMENTS FROM LEADERS ON THE HUMANITARIAN NEEDS Speaking at the ceremony in Geneva, Ambassador Dr. Mehmet Güllüoğlu emphasized that this agreement is much more than just a routine official document, stating: "This ceremony reflects a joint commitment to support vulnerable and displaced communities through prevention, recovery, psychosocial well-being, and inclusive community-based approaches." Dr. Güllüoğlu drew attention to the current global situation, noting that millions of young people around the world are growing up under the shadow of wars, natural disasters, forced migration, and social instability. He explained that these crises do not just force people to leave their homes; they also break social bonds, weaken mental strength, increase isolation, and deeply hurt emotional well-being. Speaking about the expanding scope of addiction, Dr. Güllüoğlu said: "As IFGC, we believe it is becoming increasingly important that addiction prevention cannot be separated from broader discussions about well-being, resilience, inclusion, and human dignity. This includes not only substance addiction such as alcohol and drugs, but also behavioral addictions like gambling, gaming, and problematic technology use. These can become even more visible during periods of displacement, uncertainty, and social isolation." Representing the United Nations, IOM Director Vincent Houver acknowledged that public health—especially specialized fields like addiction treatment—is often underfunded and undervalued in global humanitarian response. Welcoming the partnership with the IFGC, Houver noted: "Unfortunately, drug and substance use, along with other addictive behaviors, crosscut very frequently with our work, but I think this is a reality of the humanitarian field. Drug use and substance addiction hinder the integration of migrants into host societies and present significant barriers that prevent them from successfully reintegrating and achieving social cohesion with the community when they return to their countries." Houver also highlighted that since humanitarian needs are growing globally while international budgets are shrinking, the wide network of the IFGC is incredibly valuable to the United Nations: "As humanitarian needs continue to increase globally, while resources tend to decrease, IOM is proud to partner with IFGC to strengthen prevention and access to care among migrants and host communities." Concluding his speech, Houver praised the leading role of Türkiye and the Green Crescent on the world stage: "Türkiye is an invaluable and strong partner for IOM, one of the key member states of IOM. Therefore, it is a matter of great pride for us that you represent Türkiye today, being here as civil and permanent representative. Türkiye is an absolutely indispensable partner for IOM in the field of migration and in the field of humanitarian assistance in general. Therefore, we are very proud to be able to partner with you today in this special setting." TECHNICAL SCOPE AND STRATEGIC PILLARS OF THE AGREEMENT The partnership focuses on four main strategic areas: sharing expertise by contributing to each other's international training programs on mental health, intercultural communication, and substance use disorders; launching joint research and pilot initiatives to study areas of shared interest; exploring new ways to share program information at the country level to improve field coordination and facilitate safe healthcare referrals; and exchanging specialized technical resources—such as clinical protocols, training tools, and guidance documents—on a case-by-case basis while fully respecting intellectual property rights and confidentiality frameworks.  To ensure safe field operations, the agreement introduces strict international legal and privacy guardrails. The framework explicitly prohibits any transfer or exchange of personal data belonging to beneficiaries or patients, requiring a separate, highly secure data-sharing agreement if such needs arise in the future. FUTURE OUTLOOK IFGC and the IOM will meet regularly to ensure the agreement is being put into practice. Following its immediate entry into force upon signature, both headquarters are asking that the details of this MoU be shared across all global field offices and regional teams.  

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