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MEDICAL TREATMENT

Research confirms that addiction is a multifaceted brain disease encompassing psychological, physiological and social dimensions. Treatment for addiction is often likened to a three-legged stool, with each leg representing essential pillars: medical support, psychological support and social support. Any absence of these pillars can complicate the treatment process.

Treatment for Addiction

The primary objective of addiction treatment is the cessation of substance use and the implementation of preventive measures to avert relapse. During the period of substance cessation, individuals typically endure withdrawal symptoms for about 0-1 month.

The detoxification process, which aims to alleviate withdrawal symptoms and diminish substance cravings, relies heavily on medical support. When assessing the need for medical support, several factors come into play, including the presence and severity of withdrawal symptoms, the existence of significant physical or mental health conditions, frequency of substance use and short intervals between cessation attempts, prior unsuccessful treatment endeavors, the susceptibility of the individual's environment to alcohol/substance use, challenges in orientation regarding location, direction and time as well as the history of epileptic seizures.

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Withdrawal symptoms can vary depending on the type of substance used and any accompanying psychiatric disorders. For instance, individuals undergoing withdrawal may experience symptoms such as sweating, tremors, muscle and joint pain, abdominal discomfort, tension, restlessness and insomnia. Medical support plays a crucial role in managing these symptoms effectively. Following an assessment of symptoms and other relevant factors, individuals may be referred to addiction treatment centers in hospitals, where psychiatrists may prescribe substitution therapies based on the substance used. Additionally, the presence of a social support specialist throughout the treatment process can significantly enhance the effectiveness of medical treatment.

How is the medical treatment processes?

Withdrawal Period (0-1 month): This stage marks the initial phase after individuals stop using alcohol or drugs. During the first month without substance use, they may experience physical and psychological withdrawal symptoms. These symptoms can vary from person to person, with some experiencing more intense physical symptoms while others may experience more intense psychological symptoms. Seeking medical support to assess these withdrawal symptoms, coupled with psychological and medical treatments, will gradually alleviate and diminish these symptoms, enabling individuals to resume their lives with less disruption.

Early Recovery Period (1-3 months): This stage signifies a time when withdrawal symptoms have diminished or ceased and individuals no longer feel compelled to use alcohol or drugs. However, they may mistakenly believe they have fully recovered and no longer require treatment, potentially overlooking certain risky situations. During this stage, individuals should be informed about these situations. In addition, individuals may also experience fatigue, lethargy and feelings of depression.

Prolonged Recovery Period (3-6 months): This stage is characterized by uncertainty for individuals who have structured much of their lives around addiction and may struggle to navigate life without addictive behaviors. They may experience feelings of dissatisfaction, anhedonia and emptiness. It is a period when they may be vulnerable to relapse behaviors and thoughts that could lead to alcohol or drug use. Active participation in self-help groups and continued psychosocial support can aid individuals in navigating this period more comfortably.

Restructuring Phase (6 months and beyond): During this phase, individuals in recovery move beyond previous stages and embark on the final stage of restructuring, where they begin to form new friendships and interests, thus creating a new lifestyle. Additionally, they may seek employment during this phase. Essentially, in this phase, individuals move away from many withdrawal symptoms and feelings of longing for the past, replacing them with new and healthy habits to fill certain gaps.

Finally, the recovery process involves individuals gaining a better understanding of themselves, recognizing the factors contributing to substance use and acquiring skills to intervene. The gains made during the recovery process are crucial for preventing relapse after treatment.

Green Crescent Counseling Center (YEDAM) Medical Treatment Example

Green Crescent Counseling Center (YEDAM), a service provided by the Turkish Green Crescent Society, primarily offers psychosocial support to individuals with addiction and their families, without providing medical detoxification or medical support services. If there is a need for medical treatment, individuals are assessed and referred to other appropriate institutions accordingly.

Criteria for medical support:

  • If there are any withdrawal symptoms and if their severity, frequency and impact on daily life are increasing,
  • If there is a significant and clear physical and/or mental disease,
  • If substance use is frequent and withdrawal periods are short,
  • If previous outpatient treatments have been unsuccessful,
  • If the individual is living in an environment suitable for alcohol/substance use (such as their surroundings, occupation, etc.),
  • If there is heroin or similar substance use involved,
  • If the individual is experiencing confusion or reports confusion at home (such as loss of orientation in place, direction and time),
  • If there is a history of epileptic (seizure) episodes,
  • If there has been a history of delirium tremens.

In such cases, individuals are referred to an Alcohol and Substance Treatment Center (AMATEM). It is essential for a Social Services Specialist to accompany individuals referred for medical support, as they ensure the seamless integration of treatment processes with YEDAM by overseeing their hospital procedures.

References

For more detailed information on the topics covered in this section, you may refer to the following sources:

· Green Crescent Counseling Center (YEDAM)

More Latest News

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The Board of Directors Meeting of the International Federation of Green Crescent (IFGC), whose permanent secretariat is carried out by the Turkish Green Crescent Society, was held on 29–30 January 2026 in Istanbul, Türkiye. During the meeting, the Federation’s ongoing activities were reviewed, and key issues related to organizational structure, governance processes, and strategic priorities were discussed. The meeting was attended by IFGC Board Members and IFGC Secretary General Ambassador Dr. Mehmet Güllüoğlu. Participants included Kazım Ateş, President of Green Crescent Australia (Australia); Petar Gramatikof, Board Member of Yeshilay Bulgaria Association (Bulgaria); Shagabitdin Kerimov, President of Dagestan Green Crescent (Dagestan); Era Catur Prasetya, President of Yayasan Green Crescent Indonesia (Indonesia); Nihad Dervisevic, Secretary General of Zeleni Krst – Zeleni Polumsejec (Serbia); and Magid Mayanja Kagimu, President of the Uganda Green Crescent Society (Uganda). Following the Board Meeting, participants attended the Strong Family Workshop organized by the Turkish Green Crescent Society. Conducted through interactive dialogue, the workshop addressed effective parent–child communication methods and protective approaches against addictions. As part of the program, on Friday, 30 January 2026, the IFGC Board Members carried out a field visit to the Bursa Green Crescent Rehabilitation Center. During the visit, participants received comprehensive information on the Center’s services and had the opportunity to observe Türkiye’s rehabilitation and treatment practices on site.  The field visit included a detailed presentation by Tuba Bilmişoğlu, Director of the Bursa Green Crescent Rehabilitation Center. Board Members examined rehabilitation and treatment approaches firsthand and exchanged views with expert professionals on addiction prevention, recovery processes, and psychosocial support practices. The visit contributed to the international sharing of the Green Crescent’s experience in the field of rehabilitation. The IFGC Board of Directors Meeting aims to strengthen the Federation’s strategic direction, enhance governance capacity, promote international cooperation, and further reinforce its global role in addiction prevention, treatment, and public health advocacy.   

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The International Federation of Green Crescent (IFGC) has taken significant steps throughout 2026 to strengthen international cooperation, institutional capacity, and global advocacy through its active Working Groups. The Scientific Working Group, the Fundraising and Project Management Working Group, and the Advocacy and International Collaboration Working Group have collectively contributed to expanding IFGC’s engagement and visibility at the international level. Established on 12 June 2025, the IFGC Scientific Working Group has advanced international research cooperation through a series of structured meetings. To date, the Group has convened eight meetings, bringing together representatives from Green Crescents in Brazil, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nepal, and Nigeria. During this process, all participating countries independently developed and submitted research proposals reflecting their national priorities in addiction prevention and treatment, marking the first fully self-led international funding application undertaken by Green Crescents. The eighth meeting of the Scientific Working Group, held on 23 January 2026, focused on refining the Group’s draft roadmap. Discussions highlighted the potential cultural adaptation of the Turkish Addiction Prevention Programme (TBM) as well as opportunities for strengthened international cooperation. The meeting also explored the Working Group’s potential role in supporting IFGC’s collaboration with international organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), and the International Organization for Migration (IOM), particularly in the development of evidence-based project concepts and the identification of regional and thematic priorities. The IFGC Fundraising and Project Management Working Group has served as a collaborative platform to enhance the fundraising and project management capacities of Country Green Crescents, guided by principles of transparency, inclusiveness, and collective accountability. Throughout 2025, the Group held four online meetings addressing shared challenges in grant access, proposal development, compliance, reporting, and project implementation. The election of Dr. Mousa Daoud, President of the Jordan Green Crescent, as Chair further strengthened coordination and collective learning among member organizations. Launched in December 2025, the IFGC Advocacy and International Collaboration Working Group has focused on reinforcing IFGC’s engagement within United Nations platforms, particularly the Commission on Narcotic Drugs. Through a series of online meetings, members coordinated advocacy efforts related to written and oral statements, side event planning, sponsorship mechanisms, and thematic priorities aligned with public health–oriented drug policies. Discussions also emphasized broader advocacy opportunities beyond the CND and highlighted the importance of coordination with other IFGC Working Groups to ensure coherent, credible, and sustained international advocacy.  

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