...
Select a Country
Search Results
“KOKU” (5)

Sorry, we couldn't find the content you were looking for.
Want to try another word or term?

Logo

SUBSTANCE ADDICTION

Substance use disorder is classified under Disorders due to substance use in the International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision (ICD-11), published by the World Health Organization. Substances that can cause addiction are chemical compounds that, once entering the body, produce changes in behavior, mental state, and physical health. These substances are referred to in medical literature as psychoactive substances.

What Health Problems Does Substance Addiction Cause ?

Substance-related disorders are divided into substance use disorders and substance-induced disorders. Substance-induced conditions include intoxication, withdrawal, and substance- or medication-induced mental disorders such as psychotic disorders, bipolar and related disorders, depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, sleep disorders, sexual dysfunctions, delirium, and neurocognitive disorders.

Individuals with substance use disorders may experience various cognitive and behavioral problems. Changes in brain structure and function can lead to intense cravings, personality changes, unusual behaviors, and other behavioral alterations. Brain imaging studies show that substance use causes changes in areas of the brain involved in judgment, decision-making, learning, memory, and behavioral control. Additionally, infants born to dependent women may experience neonatal abstinence syndrome.

...

People with substance use disorders are also more likely to develop lung or heart disease, stroke, cancer, and various mental health problems. They may be at higher risk of infectious diseases such as HIV and Hepatitis C, as well as premature death.

The severity of physical and mental health problems related to substance use is influenced by factors such as the frequency of use, the amount consumed in a single session, risky behaviors associated with use or context, the method of administration, or a combination of these factors.

Psychoactive Substances and Substance Use Disorders

A psychoactive substance is a chemical compound that affects the central nervous system, altering brain functions and leading to changes in perception, senses, behavior, consciousness, and mood. Certain medications are also classified as psychoactive substances. Even a single use of these substances can result in various disorders related to substance use.

However, addictive substances should not be limited solely to psychoactive compounds. This classification also includes disorders arising from the harmful, non-medical use of substances that are not chemically psychoactive but carry a risk of addiction.

Substance use disorders encompass various conditions resulting from the single or repeated use of psychoactive substances, including certain medications. Additionally, disorders resulting from the harmful, non-medical use of non-psychoactive substances are also included in this category.

Substance use stimulates the brain’s reward pathways. The pleasurable and reinforcing effects of substance use disrupt dopamine regulation in the brain, and this disruption further reinforces repeated use. When substance use becomes repetitive, it can lead to addiction. At the same time, it can cause numerous harms that threaten both mental and physical health.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), at least two symptoms of substance addiction must occur within the last year, causing significant distress and a decrease in functionality. The symptoms include:

  • Intense desire and need for obtaining and using the substance.
  • Tendency to increase the dosage used.
  • Intense sensitivity to the physical and psychological effects of the substance and seeking these effects.
  • Making the substance a significant element in the person's life.
  • Repeatedly impeding work, home or school responsibilities due to substance use.
  • Being under the influence of substances in potentially dangerous situations (e.g., while driving) repeatedly.
  • Legal issues related to substance use.
  • Substance use causing repeated and persistent problems in social life and close relationships but continuing despite these issues.
  • Continuing substance use despite knowing its negative physical or mental effects.
  • Developing tolerance to the substance, requiring increased amounts for the desired effect or experiencing decreased effects with the same amount.

Withdrawal symptoms (nausea, insomnia, vomiting, irritability, depression, restlessness, aggression, diarrhea, sweating, tremors, muscle aches, fever, etc).

Substance addiction affects various regions of the central nervous system, causing both physical and psychological damage. These effects include:

  • Rendering the mind and willpower non-functional, distancing individuals from normal life and behaviors.
  • Inducing nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea and stomach and intestinal spasms/bleeding.
  • Causing harm to all internal organs, leading to various diseases.
  • Resulting in poisoning and potential death.
  • Diminishing the individual's adaptability to the environment, causing the individual to rapidly isolate from family and surroundings, often accompanied by severe depression.

Some ways for the relatives of substance users include:

  • Speaking may not be helpful if the person is under the influence.
  • Avoiding talking until you feel ready.
  • Being open, sincere and convincing without giving advice.
  • Avoiding generalizations.
  • Not speaking based on fears.
  • Avoiding labeling the person as a "user"; approaching someone labeled as a user is challenging.
  • Recognizing your biases ("These people are hopeless") to reduce the likelihood of miscommunication.
  • Trying to understand the person's thoughts, experiences and fears by putting yourself in their shoes.
  • Persuading them with a sincere approach to seek professional help.

Some points to be careful about for the relatives of substance users include:

   "No, my child would never use."
   
• Self-blame and blaming the spouse

   "This child turned out this way because of you."
   "We couldn't be good parents."

• Feeling disappointment and helplessness  

   "Did I raise you for this?"
   "Everything is over; nothing can be the same again."

• Anger

   "I can't have a child like this!"

• Blaming and humiliating the child

   "I can't have a child like this!"

• Blaming and humiliating the child

   "You won't amount to anything."

• Making extreme decisions

   "Your school life is over."

  

For more detailed information on the topics covered in this section, you may refer to the following sources:

• American Psychiatric Association (2024). What is a Substance Use Disorder? [Link: https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/addiction-substance-use-disorders/what-is-a-substance-use-disorder ] 
• 101 Questions on Addiction (2019). [Link: 101 Soruda Bağımlılık | Yeşilay (yesilay.org.tr)]
• World Health Organization (2025). ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, Disorders due to substance use. [Link: https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#590211325 ]

More Latest News

...

Ambassador Dr. Mehmet Güllüoğlu, Secretary General of the International Federation of Green Crescent (IFGC), visited Pakistan from 19 to 23 July 2026 together with Ergin Beceren, Director of the International Federation of Green Crescent, to meet with representatives of government institutions, Turkish organizations, international organizations and civil society in order to strengthen international cooperation in the field of addiction prevention and recovery. The programme began with participation in the roundtable titled "State of Drugs in Pakistan: Issues, Challenges & Response," hosted by the Karim Khan Afridi Welfare Foundation (KKAWF). The meeting brought together representatives of public institutions, educational organizations, international organizations, civil society organizations, experts, diplomats and members of the media. Discussions focused on the current situation of substance use in Pakistan, the key challenges in addressing addiction, prevention-oriented approaches, treatment and rehabilitation services, and opportunities for international cooperation. In his remarks, Ambassador Dr. Mehmet Güllüoğlu emphasized that addressing addiction should not be limited to treatment services alone, highlighting the critical importance of strengthening prevention efforts and enhancing inter-institutional cooperation to achieve sustainable solutions. He also shared IFGC's experience and ongoing initiatives in different countries, presenting examples of international best practices. During the visit, the delegation also met with Major General Abdul Moeed, Commander of the Pakistan Anti Narcotics Force (ANF). The meeting provided an opportunity to learn about Pakistan's efforts in combating narcotic drugs while exchanging views on prevention strategies, opportunities for international cooperation and potential areas for future collaboration. The programme also included separate meetings with Ms. Saliha Tuna, TİKA Islamabad Programme Coordinator; Mr. Harun Küçükaladağlı, Pakistan Country Representative of the Türkiye Maarif Foundation; and Mr. Eren Miyasoğlu, Pakistan Country Coordinator of the Yunus Emre Institute. The discussions focused on education, prevention initiatives, capacity building and institutional cooperation, while exploring opportunities to develop joint projects in the field of addiction prevention and recovery. The delegation also visited the Greenfield Hospital of Psychiatry Rehabilitation Centre, where they received information on the institution's addiction treatment and rehabilitation services and exchanged views on good practices in the field.  

Read More
...

The Green Crescent Addiction Prevention Practitioner Training Program (TBM) was successfully held in Baku, Azerbaijan, from 22 to 25 June 2026, through the collaboration of the International Federation of Green Crescent (IFGC), the Turkish Green Crescent Society, the Turkish Cooperation and Coordination Agency (TİKA), the Turkish Maarif Foundation, and the Green Crescent Azerbaijan (Zərərli Vərdişlərə Qarşı İctimai Birliyi). Conducted in Turkish over four days at the Baku International Maarif Schools Youth Campus, the training program brought together 81 participants, including teachers, school psychologists, orphanage volunteers, and dormitory supervisors, with the aim of strengthening their knowledge and practical skills in addiction prevention. The comprehensive curriculum covered a wide range of topics, including the The Green Crescent Addiction Prevention Training Program (TBM), contemporary trends in addiction, adult education methodologies, principles of effective prevention practices, and substance- and behavior-related addictions, including alcohol, tobacco, drugs, technology, and gambling. The program also featured practice-oriented training sessions designed to enhance participants' capacity to implement prevention activities within their communities. Coordinated by the International Federation of Green Crescent and delivered by expert trainers from the Turkish Green Crescent Society, the program provided an important platform for strengthening professional competencies, promoting evidence-based prevention approaches, and encouraging the exchange of knowledge and experience among practitioners. Beyond enhancing individual capacities, the training represented another significant milestone in fostering international cooperation in the field of addiction prevention. By bringing together institutions and practitioners from different sectors, the program contributed to the development of a shared prevention perspective and reinforced collaborative efforts to build healthier and addiction-free communities. The trained practitioners are expected to deliver addiction prevention awareness sessions across Azerbaijan, helping to strengthen prevention efforts at the community level.

Read More

Contact Us

We would like to evaluate cooperation opportunities and communicate for joint projects.

Our Focus Points

To answer your questions in the fields of Addiction and Public Health...

All rights are reserved 2026 © International Federation of Green Cresent

Personal Data Protection Policy

Terms and Conditions

Copyright 2026 © International Federation of Green Cresent