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GAMBLING ADDICTION

According to the International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision (ICD-11) published by the World Health Organization, gambling disorder is classified among behavioral addictions and is characterized by impaired control over gambling in terms of onset, frequency, intensity, duration, termination, and context. It also involves increasing priority given to gambling over other life interests and daily activities, as well as the continuation or escalation of gambling despite the occurrence of negative consequences.

What Are the Characteristics of Gambling Disorder?

Gambling behavior patterns may be continuous or episodic but are typically recurrent. To diagnose gambling disorder, the three characteristics mentioned above must be evident over a period of at least 12 months. However, if all these characteristics are present and symptoms are severe, the diagnosis may be made even if the duration is shorter. In recent years, with the increasing use of the internet, gambling disorder has also emerged in connection with online gambling behaviors.

Although gambling disorder was long considered an impulse control disorder in psychiatry, it has been reclassified under non-substance-related addictive disorders. This addiction is often accompanied by behaviors such as betting increasing amounts of money to achieve the desired excitement, inability to control or stop gambling, constant preoccupation with gambling, giving gambling higher priority over other life interests and daily activities, continuing to gamble despite negative consequences, or an increasing motivation to gamble.

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According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), gambling disorder is defined as:
A persistent and recurrent problematic gambling behavior leading to clinically significant impairment or distress, as indicated by four (or more) of the following criteria in a 12-month period:

Gambling addiction has a comprehensive impact, not only harming the individual but also affecting their family and society negatively. The effects include:

For the Individual:

  • Psychological issues.
  • Increased susceptibility to other addictions.
  • Becoming selfish and opportunistic in the pursuit of winning.
  • Neglecting responsibilities due to gambling obsession.
  • Involvement in a complex web of relationships that can lead to physical harm.
  • Financial losses.

For the Family:

  • Loss of trust within the family.
  • Financial losses.
  • Emotional losses.
  • Negative impact on family relationships due to relationships formed to finance gambling.

For Society:

  • Legitimizing ill-gotten gains, making easy money an ideal for new generations.
  • Illegal structures gaining power and wealth through these means.
  • Erosion of foundational societal concepts like hard work, justice and legality.
  • Damage to societal morals.
  • Manifestation of self-interest and the desire to win in social relationships.
  • Erosion of peace and trust in society.

 To address gambling addiction, individuals should:

  • Stay away from places where gambling occurs, including online gambling sites.
  • Distance themselves from triggers that prompt thoughts of gambling (such as horse racing programs, casino advertisements, lottery tickets, etc.).
  • Avoid individuals associated with gambling.
  • Refrain from engaging in discussions about gambling.
  • Carry only the amount of money needed for daily necessities and avoid using credit cards and ATMs beyond necessity.
  • Change lifestyle, replacing negative habits with positive behaviors.
  • Seek support, reaching out to a trusted friend or family member for assistance.

Engage in other activities to redirect focus, such as housework, exercise, reading or spending time with family.

To prevent gambling and potential relapses, consider:

  • Setting financial limits and taking on financial responsibility within the family to prevent both gambling and relapses.
  • Preparing in advance for requests for money using begging, threats or accusations from the individual with gambling addiction and developing strategies to handle them.
  • Encouraging both yourself and the individual with gambling addiction to seek therapy for more effective coping with the problem.

· Gamblers often hope to recover their losses in a single attempt. When this does not happen, they may try to cover up their behavior and losses with lies.

· To obtain money for gambling, they may engage in illegal activities such as fraud, theft, embezzlement, or deception.

· Gambling can jeopardize or lead to the loss of important relationships, jobs, or educational opportunities.

· Individuals who realize they cannot compensate for their losses may experience severe distress, depression, and in some cases, suicidal thoughts or behaviors.

 

Given the profound impact of this destructive habit on communities and families, treating pathological gambling as a public health issue is crucial. Successful treatment is possible by implementing a treatment model often used for substance addiction. Individuals with gambling addiction should be directed to the addiction treatment departments of hospitals.

To achieve success in a treatment program tailored to the individual, it is essential for the individual to first acknowledge that gambling addiction is a pathological disorder.

For more detailed information on the topics covered in this section, you may refer to the following sources:

• American Psychiatric Association (2014). DSM-5: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Trans. E. Köroğlu). Ankara: Hekimler Publishing House.
• 101 Questions on Addiction (2019). [Link: 101 Soruda Bağımlılık | Yeşilay (yesilay.org.tr)]
• American Psychological Association (2023). Gambling disorder. [Link: https://dictionary.apa.org/gambling-disorder ]
• American Psychiatric Association (2024). What is gambling disorder? [Link: https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/gambling-disorder/what-is-gambling-disorder ]
• World Health Organization (2025). ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, Disorders due to addictive behaviors. [Link: https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#499894965 ]
• World Health Organization (2025). ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, Gambling disorder. [Link: https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1041487064 ]

More Latest News

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In an important step for global public health and humanitarian response, the International Federation of Green Crescent (IFGC) and the United Nations (UN) International Organization for Migration (IOM) have signed a comprehensive agreement. This Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) creates a official partnership to bring together addiction prevention work with mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) for migrants, refugees, and communities affected by crises. The official signing ceremony took place at the Permanent Mission of Türkiye to the United Nations Office in Geneva. The event was attended by Ambassador Dr. Mehmet Güllüoğlu, Vice President of the Turkish Green Crescent and Secretary-General of the IFGC, and Vincent Houver, IOM Director of the Department of Mobility Pathways and Inclusion, along with representatives from both institutions. This agreement does not mark the start of a brand-new relationship. Instead, it makes a long-standing partnership official and permanent. For years, Green Crescent Counseling Centers (YEDAM) have worked closely with the IOM on the ground, helping vulnerable communities fight addiction and mental health issues. This new MoU turns those local efforts into a structured, global alliance. STATEMENTS FROM LEADERS ON THE HUMANITARIAN NEEDS Speaking at the ceremony in Geneva, Ambassador Dr. Mehmet Güllüoğlu emphasized that this agreement is much more than just a routine official document, stating: "This ceremony reflects a joint commitment to support vulnerable and displaced communities through prevention, recovery, psychosocial well-being, and inclusive community-based approaches." Dr. Güllüoğlu drew attention to the current global situation, noting that millions of young people around the world are growing up under the shadow of wars, natural disasters, forced migration, and social instability. He explained that these crises do not just force people to leave their homes; they also break social bonds, weaken mental strength, increase isolation, and deeply hurt emotional well-being. Speaking about the expanding scope of addiction, Dr. Güllüoğlu said: "As IFGC, we believe it is becoming increasingly important that addiction prevention cannot be separated from broader discussions about well-being, resilience, inclusion, and human dignity. This includes not only substance addiction such as alcohol and drugs, but also behavioral addictions like gambling, gaming, and problematic technology use. These can become even more visible during periods of displacement, uncertainty, and social isolation." Representing the United Nations, IOM Director Vincent Houver acknowledged that public health—especially specialized fields like addiction treatment—is often underfunded and undervalued in global humanitarian response. Welcoming the partnership with the IFGC, Houver noted: "Unfortunately, drug and substance use, along with other addictive behaviors, crosscut very frequently with our work, but I think this is a reality of the humanitarian field. Drug use and substance addiction hinder the integration of migrants into host societies and present significant barriers that prevent them from successfully reintegrating and achieving social cohesion with the community when they return to their countries." Houver also highlighted that since humanitarian needs are growing globally while international budgets are shrinking, the wide network of the IFGC is incredibly valuable to the United Nations: "As humanitarian needs continue to increase globally, while resources tend to decrease, IOM is proud to partner with IFGC to strengthen prevention and access to care among migrants and host communities." Concluding his speech, Houver praised the leading role of Türkiye and the Green Crescent on the world stage: "Türkiye is an invaluable and strong partner for IOM, one of the key member states of IOM. Therefore, it is a matter of great pride for us that you represent Türkiye today, being here as civil and permanent representative. Türkiye is an absolutely indispensable partner for IOM in the field of migration and in the field of humanitarian assistance in general. Therefore, we are very proud to be able to partner with you today in this special setting." TECHNICAL SCOPE AND STRATEGIC PILLARS OF THE AGREEMENT The partnership focuses on four main strategic areas: sharing expertise by contributing to each other's international training programs on mental health, intercultural communication, and substance use disorders; launching joint research and pilot initiatives to study areas of shared interest; exploring new ways to share program information at the country level to improve field coordination and facilitate safe healthcare referrals; and exchanging specialized technical resources—such as clinical protocols, training tools, and guidance documents—on a case-by-case basis while fully respecting intellectual property rights and confidentiality frameworks.  To ensure safe field operations, the agreement introduces strict international legal and privacy guardrails. The framework explicitly prohibits any transfer or exchange of personal data belonging to beneficiaries or patients, requiring a separate, highly secure data-sharing agreement if such needs arise in the future. FUTURE OUTLOOK IFGC and the IOM will meet regularly to ensure the agreement is being put into practice. Following its immediate entry into force upon signature, both headquarters are asking that the details of this MoU be shared across all global field offices and regional teams.  

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