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MEDICAL TREATMENT

Research confirms that addiction is a multifaceted brain disease encompassing psychological, physiological and social dimensions. Treatment for addiction is often likened to a three-legged stool, with each leg representing essential pillars: medical support, psychological support and social support. Any absence of these pillars can complicate the treatment process.

Treatment for Addiction

The primary objective of addiction treatment is the cessation of substance use and the implementation of preventive measures to avert relapse. During the period of substance cessation, individuals typically endure withdrawal symptoms for about 0-1 month.

The detoxification process, which aims to alleviate withdrawal symptoms and diminish substance cravings, relies heavily on medical support. When assessing the need for medical support, several factors come into play, including the presence and severity of withdrawal symptoms, the existence of significant physical or mental health conditions, frequency of substance use and short intervals between cessation attempts, prior unsuccessful treatment endeavors, the susceptibility of the individual's environment to alcohol/substance use, challenges in orientation regarding location, direction and time as well as the history of epileptic seizures.

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Withdrawal symptoms can vary depending on the type of substance used and any accompanying psychiatric disorders. For instance, individuals undergoing withdrawal may experience symptoms such as sweating, tremors, muscle and joint pain, abdominal discomfort, tension, restlessness and insomnia. Medical support plays a crucial role in managing these symptoms effectively. Following an assessment of symptoms and other relevant factors, individuals may be referred to addiction treatment centers in hospitals, where psychiatrists may prescribe substitution therapies based on the substance used. Additionally, the presence of a social support specialist throughout the treatment process can significantly enhance the effectiveness of medical treatment.

References

For more detailed information on the topics covered in this section, you may refer to the following sources:

·         Green Crescent Counseling Center (YEDAM)

How is the medical treatment processes?

Withdrawal Period (0-1 month): This stage marks the initial phase after individuals stop using alcohol or drugs. During the first month without substance use, they may experience physical and psychological withdrawal symptoms. These symptoms can vary from person to person, with some experiencing more intense physical symptoms while others may experience more intense psychological symptoms. Seeking medical support to assess these withdrawal symptoms, coupled with psychological and medical treatments, will gradually alleviate and diminish these symptoms, enabling individuals to resume their lives with less disruption.

Early Recovery Period (1-3 months): This stage signifies a time when withdrawal symptoms have diminished or ceased and individuals no longer feel compelled to use alcohol or drugs. However, they may mistakenly believe they have fully recovered and no longer require treatment, potentially overlooking certain risky situations. During this stage, individuals should be informed about these situations. In addition, individuals may also experience fatigue, lethargy and feelings of depression.

Prolonged Recovery Period (3-6 months): This stage is characterized by uncertainty for individuals who have structured much of their lives around addiction and may struggle to navigate life without addictive behaviors. They may experience feelings of dissatisfaction, anhedonia and emptiness. It is a period when they may be vulnerable to relapse behaviors and thoughts that could lead to alcohol or drug use. Active participation in self-help groups and continued psychosocial support can aid individuals in navigating this period more comfortably.

Restructuring Phase (6 months and beyond): During this phase, individuals in recovery move beyond previous stages and embark on the final stage of restructuring, where they begin to form new friendships and interests, thus creating a new lifestyle. Additionally, they may seek employment during this phase. Essentially, in this phase, individuals move away from many withdrawal symptoms and feelings of longing for the past, replacing them with new and healthy habits to fill certain gaps.

Finally, the recovery process involves individuals gaining a better understanding of themselves, recognizing the factors contributing to substance use and acquiring skills to intervene. The gains made during the recovery process are crucial for preventing relapse after treatment.

Green Crescent Counseling Center (YEDAM) Medical Treatment Example

Green Crescent Counseling Center (YEDAM), a service provided by the Turkish Green Crescent Society, primarily offers psychosocial support to individuals with addiction and their families, without providing medical detoxification or medical support services. If there is a need for medical treatment, individuals are assessed and referred to other appropriate institutions accordingly.

Criteria for medical support:

  • If there are any withdrawal symptoms and if their severity, frequency and impact on daily life are increasing,
  • If there is a significant and clear physical and/or mental disease,
  • If substance use is frequent and withdrawal periods are short,
  • If previous outpatient treatments have been unsuccessful,
  • If the individual is living in an environment suitable for alcohol/substance use (such as their surroundings, occupation, etc.),
  • If there is heroin or similar substance use involved,
  • If the individual is experiencing confusion or reports confusion at home (such as loss of orientation in place, direction and time),
  • If there is a history of epileptic (seizure) episodes,
  • If there has been a history of delirium tremens.

In such cases, individuals are referred to an Alcohol and Substance Treatment Center (AMATEM). It is essential for a Social Services Specialist to accompany individuals referred for medical support, as they ensure the seamless integration of treatment processes with YEDAM by overseeing their hospital procedures.

More Latest News

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The International Federation of Green Crescent (IFGC), in cooperation with the World Health Organization (WHO), successfully held the 3rd IFGC–WHO Meeting on Addictive Behaviours: Public Health Aspects and Diagnostic Procedures for Disorders Due to Addictive Behaviours from 10 to 12 December 2025 at Sepetçiler Pavilion in Istanbul. The meeting brought together leading global experts to address the public health implications of behavioural addictions, with a particular focus on gaming and gambling disorders. Throughout the discussions, participants emphasised that while not everyone who engages in gaming or gambling experiences harm, a significant proportion of individuals face psychological distress, functional impairment, and disruption to family and social life. With the growing global recognition of gaming disorder and gambling disorder, experts underlined the urgent need for effective prevention strategies, early identification mechanisms, and accessible treatment services. Since both disorders were formally included in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) in 2019, governments and health systems have been called upon to respond using evidence-based and standardised tools. In this context, the meeting focused on strengthening public health responses by improving diagnostic procedures and promoting evidence-based assessment instruments. Early identification and accurate diagnosis were highlighted as central components of a comprehensive public health approach. Particular attention was given to the WHO collaborative project on international screening and diagnostic tools, which was first launched in Istanbul in 2017. A key outcome of this ongoing work, the draft Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Disorders Due to Addictive Behaviours (DISDAB), formed a central focus of the 2025 meeting. The meeting hosted 55 experts from 22 countries, including WHO Türkiye Representative Dr. Tasnim Atatrah, WHO Headquarters specialists Anja Busse and Dzmitry Krupchanka, internationally recognised academics and clinicians, seven Country Green Crescent representatives, and five members of the Turkish Green Crescent Scientific Committee. Three Days of In-Depth Discussion Day One – Global Context and Recent Developments (10 December 2025)The meeting opened with remarks by IFGC President Prof. Dr. Mehmet Dinç and WHO Türkiye Representative Dr. Tasnim Atatrah, followed by invited speakers. Sessions introduced the mission of IFGC and outlined the objectives of the meeting. Discussions addressed epidemiology, public health protection frameworks, and treatment interventions, alongside recent global developments such as regulatory innovations, monitoring systems, and industry practices. The day concluded with a panel discussion on key barriers and priorities for action. Day Two – Diagnostic Procedures and DISDAB Validation (11 December 2025)The second day focused on diagnostic frameworks and assessment tools. Experts presented the ICD-11 diagnostic criteria, existing screening instruments, and updates from WHO’s collaborative project. A comprehensive presentation of the DISDAB tool was followed by in-depth discussions on psychometric evaluation, sampling strategies, and ethical considerations. In the afternoon, representatives from more than fifteen countries shared updates on planned implementation sites for the upcoming multi-centre international validation study. The day concluded with an official dinner at the IFGC Headquarters. Day Three – Challenges, Roadmap, and Future Cooperation (12 December 2025)The final day addressed anticipated challenges and risks related to the validation study. Participants worked collaboratively to define the roles of partner institutions and to develop a coordinated international roadmap for implementation. Further discussions explored broader needs in prevention, treatment, monitoring, and research. The meeting concluded with closing statements from WHO and IFGC. A Strong Tradition of Cooperation The collaboration between IFGC and WHO has a well-established history. A landmark meeting held in Istanbul in 2017 contributed to the inclusion of gaming and gambling disorders in ICD-11, followed by a focused workshop on gambling disorder in 2019. Building on this momentum, the 2025 meeting further strengthened global cooperation and marked an important step toward advancing international diagnostic standards and public health responses to behavioural addictions.  

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